前言#

正文#

在编程的时候，需要添加一些扩展库。但是又不知如何安装，网上说的都是：

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pip install openpyxl tqdm

IMPORTANT
上面代码只对MacOS&Linux有效👆

可是对如0基础的人太难了吧？通用的解决办法是：在命令行终端（ Windows 是 CMD 或 PowerShell，macOS/Linux 是 Terminal）中输入以下命令来安装所需的库。

报错#

但如果你是Windows系统（Mac&Linux可跳过，除非想学知识）就会报错（只针对WindowsShell）

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    pip : The term 'pip' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if
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    a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
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    + pip install msoffcrypto-tool -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/sim ...
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        + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

这个报错说白了就是WindowsShell不能直接认到这个’pip’命令，也没有将’pip’添加至环境变量中。那我们应如何解决呢？

怎样解决#

在前面加上py或python（代表声明Python）后面加上“-m pip”，加上install代表我要安装库还是其他的镜像来源……(最好不要超过3个，用空格代表第一个库的名称已经完结)

合起来为：

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py -m pip install openpyxl tqdm

按下“Enter键”后，也可能像我一样报错：

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Downloading openpyxl-3.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (250 kB)
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   ━━━━╸━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 30.7/250.9 kB 5.9 kB/s eta 0:00:38
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ERROR: Exception:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher
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    yield
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 561, in read
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    data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 527, in _fp_read
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    return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 90, in read
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    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\http\client.py", line 479, in read
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    s = self.fp.read(amt)
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        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\socket.py", line 707, in readinto
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    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\ssl.py", line 1253, in recv_into
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    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\ssl.py", line 1105, in read
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    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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TimeoutError: The read operation timed out
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During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 180, in exc_logging_wra
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pper
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    status = run_func(*args)
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             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 248, in wrapper
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    return func(self, options, args)
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 377, in run
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    requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
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                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 161, in r
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esolve
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    self.factory.preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(reqs)
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 565, in prepare_linke
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d_requirements_more
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    self._complete_partial_requirements(
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 479, in _complete_par
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tial_requirements
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    for link, (filepath, _) in batch_download:
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\download.py", line 183, in __call__
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    for chunk in chunks:
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\progress_bars.py", line 53, in _rich_progress_
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bar
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    for chunk in iterable:
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\utils.py", line 63, in response_chunks
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    for chunk in response.raw.stream(
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 622, in stream
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    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
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           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 560, in read
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    with self._error_catcher():
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\contextlib.py", line 158, in __exit__
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    self.gen.throw(value)
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  File "C:\Users\Asushosu\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher
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    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
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pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
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[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.2.1 -> 25.2
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[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

这代表：

要么你的网络有问题，网速不佳（现在可以去检查一下了）
由于默认的 PyPI 服务器（ https://pypi.org ）在国外，国内访问可能较慢,就超时了。

总的来说：这个错误表明 pip 在下载 openpyxl 时超时（Timeout），可能是由于网络连接不稳定*、下载速度过慢或 Python 包服务器（PyPI）暂时不可访问导致的**。

解决办法1#

可以改用国内镜像源（如清华、阿里云、豆瓣等），这里就不详细说了。操作方法：在py -m pip install openpyxl tqdm后面接上：-i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 如下：

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py -m pip install openpyxl tqdm -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

或：

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py -m pip install openpyxl tqdm -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

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py -m pip install openpyxl tqdm -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

解决办法2#

增加超时时间

如果网络较慢，可以手动增加 --timeout 参数（默认 15 秒）：

WARNING
手动（请留意）

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py -m pip install --timeout=100 openpyxl tqdm

CAUTION
默认（谨慎操作）

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py -m pip install --default-timeout=100 openpyxl tqdm

解决办法3#

我个人实际上并不推荐此办法，因为如果你稍微没留意，万一操作错了，那就不可挽救了。我个人实际上并不推荐此办法，因为如果你稍微没留意，万一操作错了，那就不可挽救了。

请手动下载并安装如果仍然失败，可以手动下载 .whl 文件 安装： 1. 访问 Python Package Index (PyPI) 搜索 openpyxl 和 tqdm。 2. 下载 .whl 文件（如 openpyxl-3.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl）。

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3. 进入下载目录，运行：

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    py -m pip install openpyxl-3.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl py -m pip install tqdm-4.66.1-py3-none-any.whl
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        py -m pip install openpyxl-3.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
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        py -m pip install tqdm-4.66.1-py3-none-any.whl